Anglo-English Grammar for SEBA class 9 and class 10 students. In this chapter, you will learn about “Transformation of Sentence”. This English grammar will be very helpful for the students of SEBA to understand in their own language.
TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES – English Grammar For SEBA
| Affirmative | Negative |
| He is a good boy. | He is not a good boy. |
| They are going home tomorrow. | They are not going home tomorrow. |
| He was in Kolkata last year. | He was not in Kolkata last year. |
| Raju can play cricket. | Raju cannot play cricket. |
| She will sing now. | She will not sing now. |
| I will see you tomorrow. The boys were talking | I will not see you tomorrow. The boys were not talking |
| when the teacher came in. | when the teacher came in. |
| He must do it. | He must not do it. |
| I have seen a camel. | I have not seen a camel. |
| John had learnt French before he went to France. | John had not learned French before he went to France. |
লক্ষ্য কৰাঃ
Affirmative sentence-অত is, am, are, were, can, must, will, shall, have, had আদি auxiliary verb থাকিলে,তাৰ পিছত not যোগ দিলে negative sentence হয়।
সাধাৰণতে not সংক্ষিপ্ত ৰূপতহে (n’t) লিখা হয়। এনেকৈ লিখিলে ই সদায় auxiliary verb টোৰ লগ লাগি এটা word হৈ পৰে। যেনে—isn’t, weren’t, mustn’t, haven’t, doesn’t, didn’t ইত্যাদি।
এনেদৰে লগ লাগিলে কোনো কোনো ক্ষেত্ৰত auxiliary verb-অৰ ৰূপ সলনি হৈ যায়। যেনে—
| will not | won’t |
| shall not | shan’t |
ওপৰৰ বাক্যবোৰ আমি এনেদৰেও লিখিব পাৰোঁ—
He isn’t a good boy.
They aren’t going home tomorrow.
He wasn’t in Kolkata last year.ইত্যাদি।
কওঁতেও সাধাৰণতে not-অক ইয়াৰ সংক্ষিপ্ত ৰূপতহে কোৱা হয়। যেনে—isn’t (ইজ্্ণ্ট), aren’t (আণ্ট), wasn’t (ৱজণ্ট), won’t (ৱউণ্ট), shan’t (শ্ৱাণ্ট) ইত্যাদি।
(b)
| Affirmative | Negative |
| John speaks English well. | John does not speak English well. |
| I know your name. | I do not know your name. |
| He went to the cinema yesterday. | He did not go to the cinema yesterday. |
| We saw an elephant in the zoo. | We did not see an elephant in the zoo. |
| I met him yesterday. | I did not meet him yesterday. |
| They played badminton this morning. | They did not play badminton this morning. |
| Ram comes here very often. | Ram does not come here very often. |
| We go to the cinema once every month. | We do not go to the cinema once every month. |
| She lives in this house. | She does not live in this house. |
লক্ষ্য কৰাঃ
Affirmative sentence-অত auxiliary verb নাথাকিলে, negative sentence কৰোঁতে do, does, বা did verb-অৰ সহায় লব লাগে। এই ক্ষেত্ৰতো not সাধাৰণতে সংক্ষিপ্ত ৰূপতহে (n’t) লিখা হয়। এনেকৈ লিখিলে ইসদায় do, does, did-অৰ লগ লাগি word এটা হৈ পৰে—don’t, doesn’t, didn’t ওপৰৰ বাক্যবোৰ আমি এনেদৰেও লিখিব পাৰোঁ—
John doesn’t speak English well.
I don’t know your name.
He didn’t go to the cinema yesterday. ইত্যাদি।
কওঁতেও not-অক সংক্ষিপ্ত ৰূপত এনেদৰে কোৱা হয়—don’t (ডউণ্ট), doesn’t (ডাজণ্ট), আৰু didn’t (ডিদ্্ণ্ট)।
II
(a)
| Assertive | Interrogative |
| He is in the garden now. | Is he in the garden now? |
| They are playing football. | Are they playing football? |
| They were having their lunch when the beggar came in. | Were they having their lunch when the beggar came in? |
| You must go now. | Must you go now? |
| He can write poems in Hindi. | Can he write poems in Hindi? |
| They will come next month. | Will they come next month? |
| He was writing something when Raju saw him. | Was he writing something when Raju saw him? |
| I will write to you next week. | Will I write to you next week? |
| Mr. Baruah has a car. | Has Mr. Barua a car? |
| They have gone to Shillong. | Have they gone to Shillong? |
| He had a bicycle when he was at school. | Had he a bicycle when he was at school? |
লক্ষ্য কৰাঃ
Assertive sentence-অত auxiliary verbনাথাকিলে তাক Interrogative sentence কৰিবলৈ, do, does বা did verb-অৰ সহায় লব লাগে।
(c)
| Negative | Interrogative |
| He is not at school now. | Is he not at school now? |
| He isn’t at school now. | Isn’t he at school now? |
| They are not going to the circus today. | Are they not going to the circus today? |
| They aren’t going to the circus today. | Aren’t they going to the circus today? |
| He can not play football. | Can he not play football? |
| He can’t play football. | Can’t he play football? |
| They are not happy. | Are they not happy? |
| They aren’t happy. | Aren’t they happy? |
| Jadu has not seen Delhi. | Has Jadu not seen Delhi? |
| Jadu hasn’t seen Delhi. | Hasn’t Jadu seen Delhi? |
| She does not come here very often. | Does she not come here very often? |
| She doesn’t come here very often. | Doesn’t she come here very often? |
| He did not go to school yesterday. | Did he not go to school yesterday? |
| He didn’t go to school yesterday. | Didn’t he go to school yesterday? |
| They do not go to the cinema at all. | Do they not go to the cinema at all? |
| They don’t go to the cinema at all. | Don’t they go to the cinema at all? |
| She does not sing very well. | Does she not sing very well? |
| She Doesn’t sing very well? | Doesn’t she sing very well? |
লক্ষ্য কৰাঃ
Interrogative sentence কৰোঁতে কেতিয়াবা not-অক word হিচাপে ৰখা হৈছে। যেনে— Are they not happy?
Does she not sing very well?
এই ক্ষেত্ৰত subject word auxiliary verb আৰু not-অৰ মাজত বহে।
কেতিয়াবা আকৌ not-অক ইয়াৰ সংক্ষিপ্ত ৰূপ n’t হিচাপে auxiliary verb লগ লগাই এটা কৰা হয়। যেনে—
Aren’t they happy?
Doesn’t she sing very well?
এই ক্ষেত্ৰত subject word n’t-ৰ পিছত বহে। কওঁতে প্ৰায় সদায় দ্বিতীয়বিধৰ interrogative sentence (অৰ্থাৎ n’t) ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। লিখিত ভাষাত সাধাৰণতে প্ৰথমবিধৰ interrogative sentence(অর্থাৎ not) ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। অৱশ্যে দ্বিতীয়বিধৰ sentence লিখিত ভাষাতো ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব পাৰি।
III
| Assertive | Exclamatory |
| That lake is very beautiful. It was a very bad show. He is very fond of apples. The roof came down. He is a great player. He is a very kind man. Our Head Master is a very learned man. It is very hot today. It is a pity that man’s life is very short. It is shameful that he is such a coward. I wish I had the wings of a dove. We rejoice that we have won the match. | How beautiful that lake is! What a bad show it was! How fond he is of apples! Down came the roof! What a great player he is! What a kind man he is! What a learned man our Head Master is! How hot it is today! Alas, man’s life is so short! Fie! what a coward he is! Oh, had I the wings of a dove! Hurrah! we have won the match! |
Exercise
1. Turn the following sentences into negative :
(Use the full form of not.) :
(i) Putul has gone to the market.
(ii)The flower is beautiful.
(iii)There are five thousand books in our school library.
(iv) Cherrapunji is the wettest place in the world.
(v) Ranjan can go home alone.
(vi) We should study eight hours a day.
(vii) You must agree with him on this point.
(viii) John writes English well.
(ix) Rahim likes mangoes.
(x) All birds fly to their nests in the evening
(xi) My brother tells lies.
(xii) Mr. Sarma teaches us mathematics.
(xiii) The hunter killed the tiger with a gun.
(xiv) He knows how to make a boat.
(xv) All dogs bark at night.
2. Turn the following sentences into interrogative :
(i) This is an apple.
(ii) The boy is honest.
(iii) The children are playing hide and seek.
(iv) They were eager to know about the accident.
(v) Mr. Baruah can speak English fluently.
(vi) He must go there now.
(vii) Dilip likes coffee.
(viii) A mother loves her children.
(ix)Tigers eat flesh.
(x) The soldiers fought well.
(xi) The boy laughed at the lame man.
(xii) The teacher told us to do it today.
(xiii) The boys threw stones at the dog.
(xiv) It was a good film.
(xv) She has a big car.
3. Turn the following into interrogative: Give two forms of each sentence, first
with not in its full form (not) and then with not in its contracted form (not).
Example :
Dilip is not a dull boy.
Is Dilip not a dull boy?
Isn’t Dilip a dull boy?
(i)They are not reading now.
(ii) She was not in her house when the thief broke in.
(iii) Shakespeare did not write novels.
(iv) He could not jump across the stream.
(v) He will not go for a picnic tomorrow.
(vi) He will not come this evening.
(vii) Marry does not live in that house.
(viii) They do not play cricket every afternoon.
(ix)She has not worn this dress for a long time.
(x) That is your umbrella.
(xi) You should not wake him up now.
(xii) He does not work in this office.
4. Turn the following into exclamatory sentences :
(i) The sky is very beautiful in the evening.
(ii) You were quite wrong about it.
(iii) I feel extremely sleepy tonight.
(iv) It rains very seldom in a desert.
(v) Those are beautifully woven carpets.
(vi) You made us wait very long for you
(vii)That was an unkind thing to say.
(viii) It was kind of you to come.
(ix) The dog is a very faithful animal.
(x) The scene is very beautiful.
(xi)The aeroplane went up into the clouds.
(xii) The ball bounced back into the goal.
(xiii) A mouse popped out as I opened the box.